gould



5 n l i i l n@ :1; :il c I rr df.' A 'L HJ" "i "2U 1 L I WZ'Zfzesses;Invenor 56M MK/@ @uitrit vfaire *gnent ffir.

Letters Patent 4No. 80,942, elated August 11, 1868:

IMPROVEMENT IN Dorn-Tartine nncnmns.- i

@tu tlgrhnlt tentati in it tijentetta @anni nu mating putt ni tigt same.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY GONCERN:

Be it known that I, Roscon J. GOULD, of'Newark, in the county of'Essex,and State of `New Jersey,1heve invented anew and improved Dove-TailingMachine; and I'do'hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description thereof, which will enable thoseV skilled in the artto make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing-- A Figure1 represents a transverse section of this invention.q l

Figure 2 is a plan or top view ofthe same. i

Figure 3 is a detached sectional view of one of the gauges. K

Figures 4, 5, 6, and? are diagrams illustrating the manner in which thesaws cut.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts. l

This invention relates to certain improvements v-in that classofdove-tailing machines in which t'wo sets of s saws are employed, one setfor producing the tenons,landthe other the mortises or grooves.

The invention consists in cutting dove-tails from thel bottoms ofl thegrooves, or of the spaces between the tencns, in such a manner that thedistance between said bottoms becomes independent of the edges of theYboards, and said distance will be'true and correct, even if the oppositeedges of a board should not be parallel; also, in the arrangement'ofadjustable stops, secured to the upright gauges, and made in suchtashape that they can be brought to bear on the bottoms of`the grooves orspaces between the tenonsfand the operation of cutting thedove-tails-from the bottoms of the grooves or spaces is materiallyfacilitated; further, in *thev arrangement of a' movable fulcrum, incombination with the swinging abutment, in such a manner that byadjusting the fulcruin, a certain motio'n transversely tothe carriage isimparted to `said abutment according t`o the desired width of thegrooves or the spaces between the tenons; also, in the arrangement of alining of wood, or other soft mhterial, in thc bottom edge of theabutment, in such a manner' that-the boards are snpport'ed close to theedges of the 'grooves or spaces between the tenons, without 'exposingthecutting-edges ot` the saw to any injury, which they would be liable tosustain'if the metal .body of the abutment should bc made to extendclear down; further, in the arrangement of an upright gauge, provided.with arr adjustable slide in combination witha gang ofsaws in such amanner that Athe position of the board in'relaton to the saws can bereadily adjusted; also, in the arrangement of two `upright gauges,provided with slides, in one and the same abutment, in such a mannerVthat the cutting of dove-tails from one and 'the same face or sideofthe boardis facilitated; further, in the arrangement of two stationaryabutments extending across the carriage in diierent directions, and atangles which are supplements toY each other, said abutments beingprovided with upright gauges and slides in such a mannerthat by placingthe boards 4successively against the abutments, the operation of cuttingthe dove-tails can be e'ected from one and the same side -orvface of'the boards.

t A represents a frame, which forms the bearings for two'shafts, B C,and whichis provided with two distinct guido-ways, a a, 6 b, as clearlyshown Vin the drawing. A Y y On the shaft B is mounted a serios of saws,D, which serve to cut the grooves or mortises, and on the guide-ways a ais fitted thecarriage E, from which rise the gauges F F. l

The cutting-edges or faces of the saws1are oblique, or at an angletoward the longitudinal centre of their axio, and the gauges are soplaced that their inner or working faces are' exactly at rightangles'toy a line connecting the cutting-edges of the various saws. I

Each of the gauges lis provided with a slide, c, which can be move'd upor down in a slot, and which is securcd'in the desired position by aset-screw, d.

Each slide is provided with a slot, to receive al stop, e e', which issecured in the desired position'by a nut, f, screwingon the shank of thestop. By these means the strop can be adjusted up anddown by moving theslide in itslslot, and it can alsoibe set closer to Vor farther from theworking face of, its gauge, to suit the work tobe produced.A i

The gauges F F are adjustable in their carriage E, according to thewidth of the board into which the grooves are to be cut, and thedistance desired from the edge of the board tothe nearest groovc, andaccording to the desired width ofthe grooves. After tbc gauges have beenthus adjusted, the slides c are set, so that the stops e and e areplaced at the same distance from the top of the saws, and to correspondto the height or length of the board desired fromthe inside ofthe firstrow of grooves to be eut.. The board is placed withl one edge againstthe gauge F, with its upper end bearing against thestop e, and pushingthe carriage forward, theboard is carried across thesaws, and a scriesofcuts is produced, such as shown in fig. 4.

. The board is then reversed, so thatthe same edge is against the gaugeF that was against gauges F before, leaving the same'cnd up tobearagainst the stop e', and the board is carried againl'over the-saws,whereby the grooves on one end ofthe board are finished in the formshown in Eg.'5, where the letter o represents the first or old andletter 'a the second or new cut. After one end of the board has thusbeen provided with grooves or mortiscs, the board is turned upside down,and the stops e e are so adjusted that they will bear against thebottoms or inside of the grooves, as shown in fig. 1. The grooves at theopposite edge'ot` the board are then finished in the same manner asabove described.

By bringing the stops e e to bear on the bottoms of the first row ofgrooves, the distance between these bottons and the bottoms of thegrooves to beformed at the opposite end becomes absolutely the same inany number of boards, even if the boards should not all be sawed to thesame length, while i-n cutting the grooves, as now practised, thegaugespor stops are always brought to bear on the end of the hoard to becut, and if the two ends are not perfectly parallel, or the boards notof the same length, the distances between the bottoms .ofthe grooves ofthe two ends become unequal, and the lboxes or other work produced willnot be square, whereas, if the distance between the bottoms of thegrooves is made exact, as in my machine, the work necessarily becomessquare, and the surplus` wood projecting beyond the edges can be readilyplaned off after the several boardshave 'been fitted together, as isdone in making dove-tailed joints by hand, leaving the joints smooth andperfect, which would not be the case if the boards were nshed to theexact length before being'cut.

By having the gauges F F" at right angles to the cutting-line of thesaws, and always working from the same edge of the board, the bottomsofthe grooves will always be at right. angles with that edge, whichwould not be the case if the boards were' worked from the end which' isbeing cut, as is, gencrallylthe. way'now practised.

' For cutting the itenons,'I use a gang of saws, G, which are-mcunted onthe shaft C. This shaft has its bearing in that position of the frame Awhich is provided with 'the guide-ways b 6, and on these guide-ways istted-the carriage H. l

From this carriage rises the abutment I, which is provided with a slot,so that said gauge canbe adjusted to suit the width of the boards andthevdistance to be cut from the edge. The abutment I is either made sta.

tionary or movable. If made stationary, it is placed in an obliqueposition, to correspond to the shape of the tenons to be cut, and asecond abutment, I', is provided, which extends across the carriage, atsome distance from the iirsty abutment, in a different direction, at anangle with the guide-ways b b, which forms the supplement of the anglemade by the abutment I andthe guideways b b. v From theabutment I risesthe gauge J', and both gauges J and J are provided with adjustableslides c and stops c, as previously described.

The board to 'be cut is placed with one side or'face against theabutment I, itsA edge bearing against the gauge J, which has be'enpreviously adjusted to suit the width of board and position of thenearest cut, and.,

the stop e is brought to bear on the end of the board, at the properdistance from' the top of the saws, to give the desired depth of cut.'

.v By running the carriage over the saws, 'a series of cuts, p, isproduced, as indicated in igf, then the carriage is run back, theboardisplaced against thel abutment I with the same side or face whichrested against the upright gauge J, and the stop e of gauge J placed atsome distance above the saws, as stop e, on gauge J', then, by passingthe carriage again' over the saws, the tenons are finished. VIt' i-tisdesired to make a cut wider than the saw, the upright gauge J may beplaced in position from the first saw, to make the cut n as in thedotted lines, iig. 7, instead ofthe cut n.. v

The board is then turned upside down, with the same side or facepresented to the abutment. And when the two edges of the board arenot'parallel and truc, the gauges .I J may be moved to the opposite endof the` abutment, and at ythe same distance from the first saw en thatside as .they were from the first saw on the other side. The stops e areeach set at the same distance from the saws, and to bear on the bottomsof the spaces between the tenons previously eut at one end, andthe""tenons at the opposite endfare cut in the same l manner-as abovestated. Y

By bringing the stops e to bear on the bottoms ofthe spaces between thetenons, the distance 'between these bottoxnsis rendered absolutelyequal, and independent of any irregularity lexisting in the lengths ofthe 1 boards, fand the work produced becomes square and correct.

` It must also be remarked, that in' my machine the tenons are finishedfrom the same side o r face and edge of the board, so that their shapeor size will not be inuenced by any irregularity in the edges, or by anyinequality or variation in the thickness of the boards. l l

Instead of using two stationary abutments, I need use only one abutment,I', which in this case is secured to its carriage by a pivot, g. v

This pivot screws into a lugprojecting from the carriage, and it passesthrough a slot, h, in a lixg projecting from the abutment. The object ofthis slot is to enable the'operator-to adjust the fulcrum of theabutment, so that said abutment, on being swung on its pivot, willassume at the same time a slight motion transversely to the carriage,whereby the upright gauge I -is brought in the desired position, withoutthe necessity of unscrewing said gauge and moving it in the abutment.-Thischange in the position of the gauge becomes necessary, in orderto'produce `spaces of the desired width, 4as will-'be readily understoodby referring to the diagram shown in iig?, wherepthe first cut -producedis indicated by the -letter o, andthe second cntfby the letter n. A l Ii AIt' theV gauge has no transverse motion, the second cut takes outonlythe triangle t, and the width of the space at its narrow end'isequalto the width of thes'awgebut by imparting to the gauge a slighttransverse motion, the second cut will be represented by dotted linesn', anda space of the desired width can thus be produced with ease andfacility.

`The inclination of the movable abutment is determined by'the'adjustablestops S. The abutments I I are Vgenerally made `of-iron, and a lspace iscut out, at their bottom edges, to let the saws Apass freely. The woodto e o u have overcome by inserting into the edge of the abutment alining, i, of woodV o r other soft material, which will not injure thesaws it' the same should come-iu'contact therewith. This lining isprovided with slots just wide be out is thus'not supportedclose to thesaws, and the edges are liable to become rucrged. This diiiiculty -Ienough to let the saws pass, and the edges 'of the-cuts produced becomesmooth and even. p The improvement of my machinewill'be seen byreferring to the drawings on sheet 2.- Figs.`4 and 5 show the'boardswith the mortiisesz" `:Byworking with IthesameA edge of thel boardagainst the gauges` FF', and thestops e being at the same distance fromthe` saws,`the bottoms of the mortises oni-each end will be at rightangles with the edge worked from, aud `their width at the bottomswillbethe same on both, and. also any num# ber of boards may be finished-tothefsame sise as to the nsideof bottoms of the mortises,leaving anysurplus ot stuitV on'the outside of thebox-jor work to b e trimmed oft'.

This effect willrbe readilyunderstod by' referring to iig. 5, where thedotted lines show the irregularity ofthe e'dgeand theshape 'ofthemo'rtise produced in that case. The same is true of'the tenonsf/ Bywork. ing in -every operation from the same edge, thebottoms ot'V thegrooves are at the same angle withV that edge voi the board. as thegauges are setto the saws, and by working from the same'iface, thethickness of the different boards, cannot aiect the size of the cut atthe narrow. side, where they tit the morti'sed board; and again, byworking from the bottoms of thecutsV onV the ends', any number of boardsmay bemade ot'Y the same distance between the bottoms, without'havlingthem sawied vto anexact length.

The sliding carriages, gauges, Ito., may be placed so as to have 'thework in a horizontal position to the saws, and the saws may be oua'sliding carriage, and the work remain stationary when the cut is made.

The slides e, in the upright gaugesd J', may be'soconstructed thatthey:project beyond both edges vof said gauges, and in'this ease thegauges are, double acting, so that by'shifting the gauges in theabutments from ,one

side of the saws to theother, the tenons can be nished from the sameface'and from'the same edge of the board;V whereas, if-the gauges remainon the same side of the saws, and the board is turned over, after thetenons in oue'edge thereof have been finished the tenons on'the oppositeedge will be cut from the same 'face `of the bo`ard,but'uot from thesame edget'rand, if the edges of the boards'are not'paralleh'the tenonswill not'become correct, those on one edge being in this case' at rightangles with one edge, and those on the opposite edge at right'angleswith th@ opposite edge. This disadvantage is obvia'ted, bymydouble-acting slide.

Havingy thus described my invention, what-I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is 1. The within-describedfmethod of cuttingdove-tails, byworking from the bottoms ofthe grooves', or of the spacesbetween the tenons, consisting of' the adjustable stops e, vin theslides of the upright gauges' F J,

V or any equivalent'means whichwill produce the sameV result.

2. 'The ad'ustable sto se, extendimY down intol the i rooves" or s acesbetween Vthel tenons, and secured i J P s g P inthe' slides c,which aremovahleup'a'nd down on the upright gauges F J, substantially-as and forthe purpose 'Y lset forth. i i

3. `The ,slotted bracket h, in combination with the fnlcrum-pin giet'the swinging abutment I', substantially as and for the purposedescribed.l I Y 4.V The,V combination ofan abutment, I or I', with an uprightgauge, F or'J, movable inone direction, and

provided with `a slide, c, which is movable in a direction atrightangles to the motion of the' gauge, substantially as and forthe purposeset forth.

' 5. The double-acting vertically-movable slides c in the upright gauges.T J',substantially as andfor the purpose described. l i e e A 6. Thearrangement of two abutments, I I', extending across the carriage indiderentdirectionaand at angles which are supplements to eaeh-other,'said abutments being'provided with upright horizontally-adjustablegauges J J', and vertically-adjustable slides c, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

This specication signed by me, this 16th day of March, 1868- Roscoe J.eoULD.

Witnesses:

l W.. HAUFF, v E. F.i K Asrauuuna.

